COVID-19, an outbreak that has disrupted people's normal lives and
lifestyles worldwide, has evolved to rank among the top few major causes of death.
The virus spreads through direct and contact transmission and is thought to have a
zoonotic origin. Fever, cough, and myalgia are symptoms of the symptomatic phase,
which progresses to severe respiratory failure. It also includes pulmonary symptoms,
which involve the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Human antibody detection, viral antigen detection, and viral gene detection are used as
the foundation for the diagnostic tools developed thus far; however, viral gene
detection via RT-PCR has proven to be the most reliable method. It is one of the more
delicate approaches, which is also well-known for being highly advised for both
qualitative and quantitative products. There is another sensitive method too that can
precisely amplify a target nucleic acid known as loop-mediated isothermal
amplification or LAMP.
On the other hand, amplification of nucleic acid tests is the test that identifies COVID19, which works by identifying the RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequences responsible for
generating the viral genetic material. Diagnostic systems based on CRISPR for
COVID-19 have advantages like early screening (30 minutes from crude extract to
result), sensitivity and accuracy, mobility, and the absence of specific laboratory
equipment. Some other diagnostic techniques are CBNAAT and TruNAT, along with
some other serological assays that use the ELISA KIT. Lateral flow immunoassay,
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA)
are some of the other reliable diagnostic techniques.
Keywords: Computed tomography, COVID-19, CBNAAT, CRISPR, CLIA, diagnostic techniques for COVID-19, iFlash assay, Isothermal amplification, Manifestations of COVID-19, RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2, TruNat, Spike protein, (crRNA).
