Celiac disease (CD) manifests as a targeted autoimmune response that
adversely affects the small intestine, primarily affecting individuals with a particular
genetic predisposition. Diagnosis centers on identifying this gluten-sensitive
enteropathy, which can be ameliorated through the implementation of a gluten-free diet
(GFD), correlating with mucosal healing and symptom alleviation. The human
microbiota, a vast symbiotic community within the gastrointestinal tract, profoundly
impacts human health. Advances in genome sequencing have elucidated the intricate
relationship between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases, including CD,
emphasizing the significant role of dietary patterns in shaping the gut microbiota. The
influence of GFD on microbiota composition, the only clinically validated treatment
for CD, leads to a nutritional shift and potential macronutrient imbalance. Emerging
research also highlights the therapeutic potential of various herbs with antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties
as complementary approaches to manage CD. This chapter synthesizes the complex
interactions between genetics, diet, gut microbiota, and potential herbal interventions in
CD, paving the way for more comprehensive understanding and management
strategies.
Keywords: Autoimmune diseases, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiinflammatory, Celiac disease, Gluten sensitivity, Gluten-free diet, Gut microbiota, Herbal treatment.
