Transcallosal hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat severe
epileptic seizures from a single brain hemisphere. This procedure involves the
disconnection of the affected hemisphere from the rest of the brain, effectively
preventing the spread of epileptic activity and reducing the frequency and severity of
seizures. Endoscopic anatomy plays a crucial role in transcallosal hemispherectomy, as
it allows for a minimally invasive approach. Using endoscopic techniques, surgeons
can access and visualize the corpus callosum, a thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting
the two cerebral hemispheres. This technique provides a clear view of the anatomical
landmarks and enables precise disconnection of the affected hemisphere, while
preserving critical neural structures. In this chapter, the authors review the endoscopic
anatomy relevant to the transcallosal hemispherectomy identification of the corpus
callosum's rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. By carefully navigating through these
structures, surgeons can safely sever the connections between the affected and healthy
hemispheres. This disconnection allows for better seizure control and improved quality
of life for patients with severe epilepsy. The use of an endoscopic technique for
transcallosal hemispherectomy may enable neurosurgeons to employ a minimally
invasive approach to accomplish a precise disconnection of the affected hemisphere. It
may thus form the basis for improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: Anatomical landmarks, Endoscopic technique, Epileptic seizures, Transcallosal hemispherotomy.
