Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Utilizing Agricultural Waste and Nanocomposite for Potential Environmental and Health Applications

Carbon-based technology has become a multidisciplinary field including water treatment, agriculture, material science, medicine, and other sciences due to their unique characteristics. Research on graphene technology has focused heavily on graphene and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Traditional processes for producing rGO involve harsh conditions, including high temperatures and hazardous chemicals and solvents. The creation of green-based nanomaterials is the current research focus on a global scale. Nanotechnological applications are rapidly growing that use agricultural waste biomass as a reducing agent and turn it into graphene-based products in an effort to lessen their detrimental effects on the environment. Graphene-based materials and metal nanoparticles are frequently combined to improve the characteristics of nanomaterials today with the use of green reductants. Additionally, rGO not only offers the nucleation site but also prevents metal nanoparticles from clumping together. Here, we discuss the utilization of agricultural waste biomass for green rGO production and graphene-based metal nanocomposite, as well as its application to the environment and healthcare. Finally, this review offers some insight into potential future developments, particularly with regard to scaling up rGO and graphene-based metal nanocomposites in many potential applications. 

Keywords: Biomass, Graphene oxide, Green, Metal nanoparticles, Reduced graphene oxide.