Hydropower plants, thermal power plants, offshore, chemical, food
processing, oil sectors, etc., all have difficulties with erosion, abrasion, and corrosion
regularly. These issues impact a variety of hydraulic equipment and pipeline circuit
components (pipelines, elbows, reducers, separators, tees, and seals). One application
where these three issues consistently arise is a hydropower plant. However, one of the
main issues with Indian hydropower facilities is silt erosion in the hydro-turbines and
their parts. Hard particles like quartz, feldspar, and other minerals may be found in
Indian rivers. More than 50% of the quartz in the silt contributes to several issues with
hydro-turbines, including sediment erosion, leaky flow, disruptions in secondary flow,
etc. As a result, these issues have an impact on the hydro-power plant's overall
performance. The numerous failures of the components placed in hydropower facilities'
impulse and response turbines are discussed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter
provides information on different turbine materials and their characteristics. Based on
silt characteristics, material properties, and flow phenomena in various hydro-turbines,
several numerical models of erosion abrasion are addressed. Different thermal spraying
methods for turbine materials are compared and contrasted. To regulate wear and
safeguard hydro-turbines, this chapter reviews the literature on wear mechanisms,
models, pilot plant loops or rigs/testers, and protective strategies.
Keywords: Erosion, Thermal spray coatings.
