A brushless DC (BLDC) motor-based three-wheeled vehicle, known as
three-wheeled battery-operated vehicles (TWBOVs), is a suitable alternate to public
transportation. The TWBoVs are not only providing efficient short-distance
transportation but also are a source of employment generation since 2008 in rural India.
The TWBoVs operate mainly through the flooded lead-acid battery. To get the full
benefit of lower operating costs, the life, and efficiency of the battery are important
aspects. In such a scenario, battery monitoring and management for battery-operated
vehicles are a prime aspect. Proper battery management and monitoring enhance the
durability of the lead-acid battery in TWBoVs. In this chapter, the monitoring and
management of Lead-acid batteries using the Internet of Things (IoT) is capitalized.
Depending on the survey in rural Bengal, it is observed that the battery life cycle
depreciation process needs to be decreased by properly monitoring the condition of
drive-train of TWBoVs and the lead-acid battery ampere-hour discharge in the random
drive cycle. A newly applicable design regarding the state of charge (SOC) estimation
of the batteries along with terminal voltage and current measurement under different
depths of discharge phase has been implemented through IoT-based real-time
monitoring system. This developed system relates the distance traveled (in kilometers)
by the TWBoVs with the condition of the battery concerning its SOC on an online
basis via a Wireless battery management system (WBMS). Experimental analysis
through hardware setup and simulation proves the feasibility of the approach in terms
of battery utilization and monitoring.
Keywords: Depth of Discharge (DoD), IoT, State of Charge (SOC), Threewheeled battery-operated vehicles (TWBoVs), Wireless Battery Management System (WBMS).
