Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux based Darcy-Forchheimer Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Marangoni Convection above a Permeable Disk

The study highlights a rising number of fluids such as nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids encountered in daily life that exhibit non-Newtonian behavior and they are exploited in manufacturing due to their high heat transfer rate becoming more and more important as time goes on. The focus is on hybrid nanomaterials because they increase liquid alloys' and fluids' thermal conductivity. The various investigations on a thermal Marangoni convective flow of aluminium alloy and Boehmite alumina nanoparticles into gasoline oil in base fluid water on a steady Darcy-Forchheimer flow are covered. With the system's exponential heat generation and viscous dissipation, the thermal impact is more pronounced in the presence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. To simplify the highly coupled nonlinear governing equations (PDEs) and the boundary conditions (BCs), a suitable similarity conversion is being applied. The outcomes of the conversion equations and their BCs are evaluated by MATLAB bvp4c routine with the shooting techniques. Through the use of graphs and tables, it has been determined how different governing factors affect the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number. A quick comparison between a hybrid nanofluid and a nanofluid is displayed in each graph. We also discussed the system's Bejan numbers and entropy creation. It has been observed that the proportion of heat transmission increases with heat generation but decreases with the Marangoni number. A nonlinear increase in the permeability constant and Brinkman number results in a rise in entropy generation.

Keywords: Catteneo-Christov heat flux, Darcy-Forchheimer flow, Entropy generation, Hybrid nanofluid, Marangoni convection, Nanoflui.