Osteoporosis is one of the most significant health issues on the globe. The
activity of osteoclast cells is connected to altered hormone levels and other factors such
as age. The condition is characterized by increased bone fragility and loss of bone
tissue. Osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and Paget's disease are frequently caused by an
imbalance in the production and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The disease's
early signs are scarcely noticeable. It results in gradual bone loss, which eventually
makes the patients more prone to fractures. Osteoporosis must be avoided since the
fractures caused by it have substantial medical expenses and morbidity.
Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, along with hormone
therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), calcitonin, strontium ranelate
(SR), and other treatments. Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have also had a
significant impact on bone metabolism by preventing osteoclastogenesis. These MNPs
are generated from a variety of marine resources, including marine cyanobacteria, soft
corals, mollusks, fish, dinoflagellates, algae, sponges, and mangroves. Numerous plant
and herb species are also effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. We check if these
plant-based bio-actives may replace hormonal and synthetic drug-based treatments.
This chapter also throws light on any possible effect of COVID-19 that might be on the
body, particularly the musculoskeletal system.
Keywords: Bisphosphonates, COVID-19, Hormone therapy, Marine natural bioactives, Osteoporosis, Plant-based bio-actives.
