Medical biotechnology represents a field in continuous progress and today
has revolutionized how illnesses are diagnosed and treated. A look at the latest medical
biotechnological breakthroughs shows how biotechnology innovations are changing
medicine. Recently, we saw how biotechnology affected efforts to combat the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the world's health. The scientific
community has been working assiduously to develop effective treatments for the
prevention and management of other diseases, such as cancer, human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and
neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, along with other dementia
variants that stand out among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. This effort
has recently resulted in the development of RNA vaccines. Some of the most promising
biotechnological developments include gene therapy to alter an individual's genetic
makeup through diverse techniques, immunotherapeutic methods that bolster the body's
natural immune defense mechanisms, and precision medicine strategies in which
treatment is personalized to a patient's genetic profile. This chapter provides an
overview of the most prevalent and deadly human diseases with a focus on recent
biotechnological breakthroughs.
Keywords: Biotechnological breakthroughs, Gene therapy, Immunotherapy, Medical biotechnology, Precision medicine.
