Biosurfactants are organic compounds synthesized by microorganisms such
as bacteria, yeasts, or fungi. These compounds exhibit intricate chemical compositions
and unique physical properties, often surpassing or rivaling synthetic surfactants.
Furthermore, they typically have low toxicity towards freshwater, marine, and
terrestrial ecosystems, making them environmentally favorable for various
applications. To date, the primary focus of biosurfactant research has centered on
enhancing the biodegradation and recovery of oil. These substances have demonstrated
their utility in aiding the removal of hazardous contaminants from polluted areas due to
their capacity to solubilize and emulsify harmful pesticides. Their versatility as
chemical agents renders them suitable for deployment in both biotechnological and
industrial applications. This review aims to provide readers with an extensive
comprehension of recent advancements in utilizing biosurfactants and the
microorganisms responsible for their production. This knowledge encompasses their
medical applications, metal remediation technology, and hydrocarbon-related
industries.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Biosurfactants, Bioremediation, Emulsification, Glycolipid, Lipopeptide.
