Autoimmune uveitis, a complex ocular inflammatory disorder, remains a
significant challenge in ophthalmology and immunology research. This chapter delves
into the intricate world of experimental models designed to mimic autoimmune uveitis
in humans. We provide a comprehensive examination of these models, focusing on
their utility, strengths, and limitations. First, we explore well-established experimental
models, such as the classic rodent models induced by immunization with uveitogenic
antigens, including interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and retinal
soluble antigen (S-Ag). These models have played a pivotal role in deciphering the
immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune uveitis. We discuss the
methodologies employed to induce uveitis in these models and the histological and
clinical correlates, shedding light on the similarities and differences with human
disease. Furthermore, this chapter presents emerging experimental models, including
genetically modified animals with targeted immune system alterations, such as
knockout mice and transgenic models. These genetically engineered models allow
researchers to dissect specific immune pathways involved in uveitis pathogenesis,
offering a deeper understanding of the disease's immunological basis. In addition to
animal models, we explore in vitro and ex vivo systems, such as organotypic retinal
explants and co-culture systems, which enable the investigation of cell-cell interactions
and the role of various immune cell populations within the ocular microenvironment.
Throughout this chapter, we have discussed the critical insights gained from these
models, including the identification of key immune cells, cytokines, and signaling
pathways contributing to uveitis development. We also addressed the challenges and
translational considerations when applying findings from experimental models to
human autoimmune uveitis. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis of experimental
models for autoimmune uveitis research aims to provide researchers and clinicians with
a valuable resource to enhance our understanding of the disease, facilitate the
development of targeted therapies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes in the field
of ocular immunology.
Keywords: Autoimmune uveitis , Animal models , IRBP , Ophthalmology , SAg
