Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a solid-based 3D printing process. It is
one of the additive manufacturing technologies that is used to create a threedimensional (3D) object using a CAD model. In the FDM process, raw material also
known as filament, is initially in the solid state. Nowadays, biocarbon-incorporated
polymer-based nanocomposite is used as a filament in the FDM process, due to the
enhanced strength of the base polymer. In this paper, a review of carbon extracted from
natural waste, such as tea powder, coffee grounds, egg shells, ocean plastic, coconut
shells, etc., is presented The extraction procedure of biocarbon is given in detail. The
results indicate that the strength enhancement of polymers can be achieved by
incorporation of derived carbon from industry as well as agriculture waste. In addition,
biocarbon-based polymer nanocomposite filaments in the FDM process can be
developed by reinforcing the polymer matrix with carbon nanoparticles. Future work of
this review process will explore the biobased carbon from various waste resources. The
application of biocarbon-based polymer nanocomposites for the 3D printing process is
highlighted.
Keywords: 3D Printing Process, Biocarbon Polymer Nanocomposite, FDM, Filament.
