The genus Trichoderma (fungi) is a very large group of microorganisms that
play a significant role in the environment. This is omnipresent in the climate,
particularly in soils. Trichoderma species could be easily isolated from the soil by all
traditional methods available because of their rapid growth and abundant conidiation.
These are used both as biofungicides for biological plant protection as well as for
bioremediation. In addition, the genus Trichoderma includes edible and medicinal
mushrooms but also human pathogens. Members of the Trichoderma genus are often
used primarily in the processing of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites, but also
for biofuel in various branches of industry. Several researchers have confirmed, based
on phylogenetic analysis, that Trichoderma and Hypocrea form a single holomorphic
genus. In which two can be differentiated by large clades. Several Trichoderma spp.
positively affect plants by stimulating plant growth and protecting plants from fungal
and bacterial pathogens. Trichoderma has entered the genomic period at present, and
sections of the genome sequences are open to the public. For this purpose, Trichoderma
can be used to an even greater degree than before for human needs. Trichoderma
species possess diverse biotechnological applications, such as acting as biofungicides
to control various plant diseases and as biofertilizers to promote plant production.
Trichoderma secretes various volatile compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones, ethylene, hydrogen cyanide, and monoterpenes, as well as non-volatile
compounds known to exhibit antibiotic activity, including peptaibols, and
diketopiperazine-like gliotoxins and gliovirins. Nonetheless, further studies are
required to make the application of these fungi more effective and safe.
Keywords: Trichoderma, Bioactive Compounds, Antibiotics, Hydrolytic Enzymes, Brewing Industry, Bioremediation.
