The sulfur-containing hydrocarbons are the main source of SOx
and CO2
gas
emissions, which is a threat to the environment for sustainability development.
According to the US environment protection agency, the sulfur content should be
within the limit of 15 ppm and 30 ppm for diesel and gasoline, respectively. Also, a
couple of advanced techniques have been developed so far for the removal of sulfur
from fuels. Among these techniques, ultrasound-based advanced oxidation processes
have been found to be more efficient and effective for sulfur removal.
In this chapter, we have discussed the physical and chemical mechanism of ultrasound
based advanced oxidation processes including the influences of process parameters
such as pH, the concentration of sulfur, concentration of oxidant, presence of phase
transfer catalyst, oxalate ions, etc. Also, several hybrid techniques are discussed with
their advantages and disadvantages for obtaining ultra-low sulfur fuel.
Keywords: Advanced oxidation processes, Cavitation, Desulfurization, Fenton, Ferrioxalate, Phase transfer catalyst, Photocatalysis, Reaction mechanism, Ultrasound
