Over the years, many scientists and doctors have been treating the deadly
disease of cancer but are not able to find a permanent treatment for this disease. Also,
sometimes it becomes very difficult to understand the mechanisms and causes of
cancer as it is a very complex disease that involves many biological processes. Due to
the redundancy in our biological system, cancer progression becomes very easy, thus
making it difficult to cure. To find the root cause of this disease, we should know what
genetic alterations are undergoing, which is causing cancer to progress, and know who
is participating in these alterations, like proteins, signaling pathways, or genes. Cancer
is caused due to various reasons; it can be due to genetics but mostly due to
carcinogens, causing mutations in the genes, thereby making them an oncogene. The
Proto-oncogenes are those genes that usually assist the growth of tumor cells. The
alteration, mutation, or increased copy number of a particular gene may turn into a
proto-oncogene which could end up completely activated or turned on. Many Tumor-causing alterations or mutations related to oncogenes are usually acquired and not
inherited. These tumor-causing mutations often actuate oncogenes via chromosomal
rearrangement, or alterations in the chromosome, which sequestrates one gene after
another, thereby permitting the first gene to prompt the alternative. Search which genes
are involved in different cancer types would help scientists proceed with new methods
for finding a cure for this disease. This article will depict which genes and their
location on which chromosomes, specifically on chromosome 20, are related to
different types of cancer.
Keywords: Amplification, Cancer, Chemotherapy, Chromosome 20, Chromosome Rearrangements, Duplication, Gene Duplication, Mutation, Oncogene, Proto-Oncogene.
