Nanoparticles (NPs) have become a hot research material in many fields,
such as catalysis, sensing, clinical diagnosis, medical treatment, antimicrobial agents,
and environmental remediation, due to their small size, high surface area, high
reactivity, and unique optical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties. The type,
morphology, size, and surface function modification of NPs determine their
performance and application scope. The development of green, simple, and controllable
NP synthesis methods is an important research direction at present. The biosynthesis of
NPs is a kind of green synthesis method that uses organisms or biomolecules to reduce
NP precursors. The reaction conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, and
there is no need for expensive equipment or harmful chemicals. It has been developed
into an important branch of nanobiotic technology. This chapter summarizes the latest
progress in the synthesis of NPs from different plant tissue extracts. It also summarizes
the biosynthesis mechanism and application of NPs, analyzes the main problems faced
by the biosynthesis method, and prospects its future research direction.
Keywords: Au nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Fe-based nanoparticles, Plant selection, Silver nanoparticles, Se nanoparticles, ZnO nanoparticles.
