Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine
disorder currently plaguing women. There are many factors associated with high
androgenicity in the female body. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be one of the
primary reasons that initiate PCOS. Emerging evidence suggests that some plastics,
pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, food additives, and artificial hormones
that release endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause microbial Dysbiosis. It is
reported that the permeability of the gut is increased due to an increase of some Gram-negative bacteria. It helps to promote the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the gut lumen
to enter the systemic circulation resulting in inflammation. Due to inflammation,
insulin receptors' impaired activity may result in insulin resistance (IR), which could be
a possible pathogenic factor in PCOS development. Good bacteria produce short-chain
fatty acids (SCFAs), and these SCFAs have been reported to increase the development
of Mucin-2 (MUC-2) mucin in colonic mucosal cells and prevent the passage of
bacteria. Probiotic supplementation for PCOS patients enhances many biochemical
pathways with beneficial effects on changing the colonic bacterial balance. This way of
applying probiotics in the modulation of the gut microbiome could be a potential
therapy for PCOS.
Keywords: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Gut microbiome, Insulin resistance, Mucin-2, PCOS, Probiotics, SCFAs, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Gut bacteria dysbiosis, hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, progesterone, estrogen, luteinizing hormone, Infertility, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, visceral obesity, and endothelial dysfunction, Hyper-insulinemia, Androgens, lipopolysaccharides, reproductive abnormalities.
