Nanovaccines are considered a new approach in vaccination methodology
specially for Covid-19 infection. Nanovaccines are more effective than conventional
vaccines; Because of humoral and cellular immune responses which are simultaneously
induced. Nano vaccines are assumed to upregulate the immune system as well as
infection prevention. They are probably promising candidates for chronic autoimmune
diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and COVID-19
infectious. Based on this, we will describe the different working mechanisms of
nanoparticles. In addition, applicable nano vaccines which have been approved for
COVID-19 therapy Covid 19 are described. Antigen-carrying nanoparticles can affect
the immune response and significantly enhance cell-T cytotoxic response. Nanoscale
particles can improve vaccine efficiency because of their biomedical benefits. These
properties include Small size, which allows better penetration into tumors and more
half-life tumor cells. Current vaccines, however, are required to re-formulate almost
because of gradual antigen modifications. More ever these vaccines do not protect
against mutations and the low half-life of current vaccines due to limitations of current
technologies. Nano vaccine formulation improvements have been required to induce a
widespread and potent immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of the
types and applications of nanoparticles in vaccines and their outstanding properties that
made them alternatives for Covid-19 treatment.
Keywords: Covid-19, Inorganic nanoparticle, Virus-like particles, Nano vaccines.
