The pursuit of greenhouse gas reduction objectives by major economies has
led them to increase their share of renewable energy. Energy subsidies are crucial but
are fraught with controversy under WTO law. For renewables such as photovoltaics,
the focus on production subsidies makes them an easier target of WTO cases. The
photovoltaic industry requires technological innovation, which is rarely addressed in
WTO law. Therefore, there is a need to reform the relevant rules to support the
development of renewable energy.
Keywords: Fossil fuel energy subsidy, Photovoltaic, Renewable energy subsidy, Technology subsidy, WTO.
