Carbon-based materials (CBMs) like graphene, hybrid graphene compounds
(HCOGs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene
oxide (RGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as well as their derivatives like
graphane, graphone, graphyne, graphdiyne, and fluorographene, are the direct
descendants of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs). GBNs are graphene derivatives
with single and multilayered graphene products. Their doped versions have marked
remarkable significance over the past decade in scientific fields for applications due to
their physical as well as their chemical properties. Graphene has emerged as a
promising application for sensing, gas separation, water purification, biotechnology,
disease diagnosis, bioengineering, and biomedicine. Graphene nanomaterials also play
an important role in surface engineering (bioconjugation), improving their performance
in vitro/in vivo stability and elevating the functionality of graphene-based
nanomaterials, which can enable single/multimodality image optical imaging, positron
emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and therapy photothermal therapy,
photodynamic therapy, and drug/ gene delivery in cancer. Graphene nanoparticles have
the natural fluorescence properties of graphene, which helps to bioimage cancer cells.
They are perspective drug carriers appropriate for their target selectivity, easy
chemosensitization, functionalization, and excellent drug-loading capacity. Iron-based
graphene composites are with other companionable materials of exploration to make
novel hybrid complexes with preferred uniqueness for biointerfacing.
Keywords: Bioimaging, Cancer, Diagnosis, Graphene oxide, Nanomaterials.
