5.1 INTRODUCTION
Flow and volume measurement of incompressible fluids are prevalent in many
engineering processes. Flows in a pipe network, also called pipe flow, are
widely encountered in industry and our daily activities. For example, water is
delivered to homes via the pipelines of a water distribution infrastructure. In
power plants, numerous pipe flows are used to transport liquid, vapor, and two-phase flows: steam produced in boilers is transported in pipes to steam turbines
for energy conversion. Boiler feed water (BFW) is pumped to a boiler via a
BFW pipe.