The cardiovascular system mainly involves blood circulation to transport
oxygen, nutrients and metabolic compounds throughout the body. The blood is also
used to transport different endocrine hormones (for example, insulin) from the pancreas
to various cells in response to blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, any imbalance in
glucose and insulin levels may help to develop diabetes mellitus (DM) and increase the
risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) complications such as
atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Obesity plays a crucial role in
developing atherosclerotic plaques and other cardiovascular diseases. It is also
responsible for the inappropriate secretion of endocrine factors, resulting in metabolic
impairment of insulin target tissues and eventually failure of insulin-producing β-cells.
It has been found that 65% of diabetic patients develop cardiovascular problems.
Therefore, to know the underlying etiological factors, it is essential to study the
molecular mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications from diabetes.
Understanding the mechanisms and biomarkers of heart disease in diabetes research
can bridge the knowledge gap between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Gene, Insulin, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
