Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in
the western countries. Although majority of patients are postmenopausal, 2.5–14.4% of
the cases are detected in women aged <40 years. The tumors diagnosed in young
women are usually early-stage, low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma [EEC]s
with favorable clinical outcomes. The standard primary therapy consists of extra-fascial
hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without node dissection.
However, a fertility-sparing treatment is feasible in accurately selected young women
with complex atypical hyperplasia or with EEC with G1 tumor limited to the
endometrium. According to some authors, the conservative approach can be taken into
consideration also in patients with stage IA, G2-3 EEC without myometrial invasion
and in those with stage IA, G1 EEC with superficial myometrial invasion. After
hysteroscopic resection of the lesion and the underlying myometrium, the woman
istreated with anoral progestin at adequate doses or a progestin-releasing –IUD with or
without Gn-RH agonists, and she undergoes the first biopsy after 3 months. In the case
of a positive biopsy, the patient continues progestin therapy for additional 3 months,
but if the 6-months biopsy is still positive, hysterectomy is recommended. Several
women become pregnant with the aid of assisted reproductive technologies. An
accurate follow-up is also needed after a successful pregnancy, whereas the debate that
the opportunity of performing hysterectomy after childbearing potential is no longer
required.
Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, Endometrial cancer, Endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia, Fertility-sparing treatment, Gonadotrophinreleasing hormone agonist (Gn-RH), Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate, Pregnancy, Progestins.
