Biomarker
research has become increasingly interesting in many areas nowadays. Biomarkers
are indicators of the biological process that can show changes in disease and
health status and reveal pathological conditions. There is always a need for markers
that divide patients into risk categories that can help in early diagnosis,
detect complications ahead of time, guide treatment, and predict adverse
outcomes in a chronic complex and certain diseases such as cancer. microRNAs
(miRNAs) are ~ 22 nt long npcRNAs involved in post-transcriptional
arrangements. miRNAs regulate messenger RNAs (mRNA), especially through
negative regulation of gene expression. The fact that miRNAs have come to the
fore in many disease mechanisms brings up their use as biomarkers in the early
stage. The purpose of this review is to gather the latest information on this
subject by bringing together recent articles and reviews to contribute to
understanding the role of miRNAs, which act as biomarkers in different ways in
vital processes, in the formation, early diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. miRNAs
have an important potential to become a next-generation biomarker and therapeutic.
But, each miRNA molecule can bind to a large number of different mRNAs, and
different miRNAs in each mRNA. Therefore, new findings are needed to determine
the expression activities and targets of miRNAs.
Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases, Biomarkers, Cancer, Coronary Artery Disease, Genital Diseases, Female, MicroRNAs, Nervous System Diseases, SARS-CoV-2.
