Over
the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the molecular
mechanisms, diagnostic methods, prognostication, and treatment options in hematologic
malignancies. As the treatment landscape continues to expand, personalized
treatment is much more important.
With
the development of new technologies, more sensitive evaluation of residual disease
using flow cytometry and next generation sequencing is possible nowadays. Although
some conventional biomarkers preserve their significance, novel potential biomarkers
accurately detect the mutational landscape of different cancers, and also, serve
as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which can be used in evaluating
therapy responses and relapses. It is likely that we will be able to offer a
more targeted and risk-adapted therapeutic approach to patients with hematologic
malignancies guided by these potential biomarkers. This chapter summarizes the
biomarkers used (or proposed to be used) in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of
hematologic neoplasms.
Keywords: Chromosomal, Classification, Cytogenetic, Epigenetic, Genomic biomarkers, Hematologic neoplasm, Immunohistochemistry, lncRNA, Microenvironment, MicroRNA, Minimal residual disease, Molecular, Mutations, Scoring system.
