For futuristic planning of smart port, it is very important to measure terminal
capacity considering service indicators such as ship waiting ratio, berth occupancy,
yard occupancy, and truck turnaround time. The capacity of a port proposed by
UNCTAD is divided into intrinsic capacity and proper capacity. The intrinsic capacity
is calculated on the assumption that the unloading/loading of the ship is operated 24
hours a day for 365 days per year. On the other hand, for the proper port capacity, the
utilization ratio of the quay crane, the berth occupancy, and the actual number of
available workdays of berth as service level are considered in order to calculate
appropriate port capacity.
This chapter explains the basic mathematical theory required to calculate the proper
capacity of smart port considering service level. The proper service of the berth is
determined by the ship's waiting rate. Ship waiting ratio and berth occupancy have a
positive relationship. Suppose there are 4 berths providing constant service in berth,
60% occupancy and 10% ship waiting ratio are calculated as an appropriate service
level. The yard's capacity depends on the yard occupancy of 60% and the turnaround
time within 30 minutes of the external truck. This value varies depending on the
circumstances of the terminal.
Keywords: Formula of terminal capacity, Little’s law, Markov chain, Port service level, Queuing theory.
