Coronaviruses cause infections in birds and rodents, but these viruses have
been able to infect the human in the last few decades. The Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS) in 2008 revealed the lethality of coronaviruses, as these viruses cross the
species barrier and infect humans. An epidemic of novel Coronavirus that emerged in
province Hubei, of which Wuhan was the epicenter, linked the number of cases with
pneumonia-like symptoms to the seafood market in Wuhan, China. The human
epithelial cells were used for the isolation of novel coronavirus that was diagnosed
through the use of unbiased sequencing, later named nCoV-2019. Based on the
information, there was evidence of transmission in humans that occurred because of
close contact from the middle of December 2019. In recent times, the infection has
been identified in other countries around the world, infecting millions of people. This
review aims to assess the latest information regarding COVID-19 and compares it with
previous knowledge reported regarding it. Most progress has been made on COVID-19,
highlighting the specific structural requirements for its functions in the nCOV-19 life
cycle and the mechanism behind its pathogenesis.
Keywords: COVID-19, Diagnostics, MERS, NCoV-19, NS Proteins,
Pathogenesis, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, The Structure of SARS-CoV-2,
Transmission.
