Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has recently been
introduced as a promising therapeutic T cell-based therapy. Autologous T cells are
collected from the patient, engineered in vitro to express artificial chimeric receptors
against a specific tumor antigen, and infused into the patient. The success of adoptive
CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapies, particularly in hematological malignancies,
inspired researchers of the field. These armored T cells also showed a great potential to
be used in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors and autoimmune diseases. In this
chapter, we summarize the basics and developments of CAR-T cells from our previous
review articles and then discuss the current progress in the pre-clinical and clinical
application of CAR-T cells in brain tumors and autoimmune diseases.
Keywords: Adoptive cell therapy, Autoimmune disease, Brain tumor, Cancer
immunotherapy, CAAR, CAR-T, Glioblastoma, Regulatory T cell, Tumor
antigen.
