Recent investigations have reported that the intestinal microbiome
community possesses a significant health-promoting effect on the host physiology by
the secretion of small biomolecules that exerts a unique ability to modulate the host
cellular pathways. These small molecules act as a beneficial tool for host-microbial
interactions and communication. Based on current evidence, postbiotics have the
potency to be a safe and appropriate alternative to prevent side effects pertinent to
probiotics besides the enforceable benefits such as treatments of some human
complications. These beneficial effects are feasible through various mechanisms that
are explained in related chapters. Some of the clinical advantages associated with
postbiotics can refer to modulating the immune system, anti-diarrhea, anti-blood
pressure activity, reducing blood cholesterol, anti-oxidant and anticancer activity, as
well as suppressing cell proliferation. These properties indicate that postbiotics can
improve the host’s health circumstances, albeit with unknown mechanisms. Another
substantial advantage of postbiotics returns to their desirable immune condition. In this
case, there is no need to adsorb the trillions of live microorganisms. Besides, it is
possible to impose the postbiotics in a controlled and standard way. However, the live
microbes' functions depend on their interactions in the gut and their metabolical
activities. Therefore, the compounds of specified bacteria may turn into a biological
strategy as a complementary treatment of many important diseases. The main challenge
in this respect is the scientific knowledge transformation to commercial applications,
which constitute a bridge between science and industry.
Keywords: Aging, Atopic dermatitis, Anti-cancer therapy, Alcohol-induced liver
diseases, Colitis, Diarrhea, Food allergy, Gut microbial community,
Immunomodulation, Intestinal barrier, Inflammation, Lactose intolerance,
Postbiotics, Probiotic, Tooth decay.
