T-cells play an essential role in the cell-mediated immune response to tumor
cells, while tumor cells in tumor sites take many strategies to evade the host immune
response, including creating many immune-suppressive factors from tumor
microenvironment (TME) or decreasing expression of immunogenicity of target
antigens. To resolve the evasion of tumor cells from T-cells attacking, some strategies
such as genetically modified T-cells altering the specificity of the T-cell receptor
(TCR) or introducing antibody-like recognition of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)
have made significant advances. The modified TCR T-cells or CAR T-cells have been
administered to cure B-cell lymphoma or B-lymphocyte leukemia in clinical trials
successfully. We have been going to study the specificity and safety of T-cell adoptive
immunotherapy for more than 30 years so that our experiences to apply for genetically
modified T-cell more focus on the specificity and safety of these therapies. Moreover,
the strategies using genetically modified T-cell immunotherapy need face challenges
for immunogenicity from different types of tumors. The chapter will introduce T-cell
specific affinity between T-cell and tumor cells such as TCR and CAR T-cells, discuss
challenges from the selection of antigen targets, and address safety issues to clinical
development. All in all, T-cell adoptive immunology regarding TCR and CAR T-cell
improves the clinical application.
Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) T-cells, Personalized
immunotherapy, T-cell Adoptive immunotherapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating
lymphocyte), Tumor microenvironment (TME), T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cells.
