Currently, in the study of new anti-tumor therapies, the suppression of tumor
growth through target checkpoints is a breakthrough in this treatment method. Now,
this has gradually become the focus of in-depth research. By acting on specific
molecular targets, tumor cells can be inhibited through information transmission in the
human immune pathway, thereby inhibiting their growth and proliferation. Molecularly
targeted checkpoint inhibitors can specifically kill tumors within the tumor
microenvironment (TME), inhibiting the occurrence and development of tumors. On
the other hand, they can target and inhibit other molecules, so that they can restore
immune cell activity, and improve the body's anti-tumor immune function, namely the
tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). At present, molecular target checkpoints
that have been increasingly studied within TIME include PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-
3, LAG-3, and Siglec-15. Corresponding molecular target inhibitors have been
prepared for these molecular targets, and thus they have been increasingly applied to
the clinic. Although these inhibitors have unavoidable adverse reactions and limitations
in their scope of application in certain types of tumors, they still offer hope for the
successful elimination of tumors.
Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Immune checkpoint inhibitor
(ICI), Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Mutation allele frequency
(MAF), Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Regulatory T-cells (Treg), Small
cell lung cancer (SCLC), T-cell receptor (TCR), Tumor immune
microenvironment (TIME).
