Immune cells and antibodies respectively play a role in the cell-mediated
and humorous-mediated immune response to tumor cells, while tumor
microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells in tumor tissue take many strategies to evade
the host immune response by creating many immune-suppressive factors, and thus, we
should understand the knowledge of TME before performing personalized
immunotherapy. TME consists of tissues, cells, and signaling molecules in tumor
tissue, affecting the immune response to tumor cells. Furthermore, TME will be
quickly changed by inflammation, hypoxia, and tumor growth in vivo so that its highly
dynamic alteration must be considered for treatment selection for personalized
immunotherapy. All TME elements of tissues, cells, and molecule factors interact with
each other, including those during the early period of tumor tissues and those in an
aggressive period in tumor tissues. Before human genomics decode in 2004, studying
TME components with their genomic profiles of patients is a rare possibility. After
human genomics decoded with research and development (R&D) of their techniques,
TME is going to be increasingly considered by personalized immunotherapy of tumor
diseases. Now, identifying regulating TME cells and regulating molecules with their
therapeutic agents is largely reported. A few reports have outlined some networks such
as extracellular matrix (ECM) and pathways such as adenosine (ADO) and indole-2,-
-dioxygenease (IDO) with their therapeutic agents that may guide a new generation of
immunotherapy.
Keywords: Adenosine (ADO), Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs),
Extracellular matrix (ECM), Indole 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), Myeloid-derived
suppressor cells (MDSC), Tumor microenvironment (TME), Tumor-associated
macrophage (TAM), Tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN).
