Electrochemical biosensors combine a molecular recognition concept
involving the use of biosensors to sensitively detect target analytes with an attractive
electrochemistry technique to analyze a biological sample due to the direct conversion
of a biological event to an electronic signal. The strength of electrochemical biosensors
allows sensitive, label-free biosensing with highly temporal resolution using a
miniature instrument. This chapter commences with a fundamental introduction of the
electrochemical principles, as well as providing a technological comparison between
general voltammetric measurements, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential
pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). It continues with a
broad, detailed description of various electrochemical applications ranging over ionselective
electrodes, an enzyme-catalyzed / non-enzymatic glucose sensor, an aptamerbased
biosensor (aptasensor), and a genosensor for nucleic acids. This chapter provides
readers with a good insight into the usefulness, performance, and properties of
electrochemical biosensors with many examples.
Keywords: Aptamer, Electrochemical sensors, Genosensor, Glucose sensor, Ionselective
electrodes.
