Heart failure is a multifaceted disease in which the heart is unable to reach
the metabolic demands of the body. The heart failure associated with complex risk
factors which include Hypertension, increased salt intake, obesity, diabetes, coronary
artery disease alcohol, smoking are the strong risk factors for the development of heart
failure. The poor blood circulation lowers the blood pumping to the ventricles and
reduces the contraction of the myocardial cells leads to increase the risk of heart
failure. The clinical manifestations of heart failure include cough, pedal edema,
palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, which can increase the risk of heart
failure. The electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, treadmill test, coronary
angiogram test can determine the severity of the cardiovascular disease. The medical
management of heart failure includes prescribing diuretics, angiotensin receptor
blockers, beta blockers, vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, and digoxin improve the health
status of the disease patients and also lowers the future occurrence of heart diseases.
Keywords: Beta Blockers, Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus,
Electrocardiogram, Heart Failure, Pedal Edema.
