Immunoglobulins, either natural or induced, represent powerful means for
eliminating microbial threats. For decades, vaccines have been used which function by
inducing antibodies for the successful elimination of microbes, preventing disease and
mortality.
Polyclonal immunoglobulin products from human plasma were used for the first time
to treat immune deficiency during the 1950s. Nowadays, the administration of
immunoglobulin, either intravenous or subcutaneous, is the cornerstone of the
treatment of primary immunodeficiency affecting the humoral immune system. The
therapy can help people with weakened or underdeveloped immune system fight off
infections. This is also the treatment of choice for certain autoimmune and neurological
diseases.
The polyclonal antibody preparation consists of both natural antibodies and antigeninduced
antibodies and reflects the history of antigen experience of the donor
population. Natural antibodies are germline-encoded, polyspecific, low-affinity
antibodies that also have a regulatory role in maintaining the immune system
homeostasis. Antibody preparations, enriched for certain desired specificities, or
hyperimmune human globulins are used for prophylaxis and treatment of infectious
diseases with a high mortality rate.
It was shown that lymphocytes from survivors of viral infections, without available
vaccines, could be used for protective monoclonal antibodies production. This chapter
provides insight into the current knowledge of the usage of antibody preparations,
efficacy and mechanism of action, with respect to specific diseases, including the
treatment of infectious diseases and future prospects.
Keywords: High mortality rate infectious diseases therapy, IVIG, Inflammation,
Immunodeficiency, Induced antibodies, Monoclonal antibodies, Natural
antibodies, Passive immunotherapy, SCIG, Sepsis.
