A biosensor is an analytical apparatus, which connects a biologically
sensitive and selective component and a physiochemical transducer. Biologically
sensitive elements include organisms, tissues, cells, etc. and the transducer includes
electrochemical, optical, thermal or mechanical signals which are received and
converted into a measurable signal. There are different categories of biosensors based
on the principle of working. Some of them are electrochemical, amperometric,
thermometric, optical, microbial and immunosensors. Biosensors are broadly used in
different areas like the food industry, fermentation industry, pharmaceutical industry,
etc. The present chapter explains the use of different types of biosensors which are
based upon enzyme inhibition, as an investigative and diagnostic tool. Some of the
enzyme inhibitors such as pollutants are strongly associated with human as well as
environmental health, so these have to be monitored with strong significance. Thus
enzyme inhibition based enzyme biosensors will be a precious tool for very fast
performing and accurate for the above applications.
Keywords: Biosensor, Enzyme inhibition, Environmental applications, Heavy
metals, Inhibitors, Pollutants.
