An urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of signs and
symptoms caused by a pathogenic external agent, which can be of viral or bacterial
origin, and the most common bacterial agent is E. coli. An UTI can affect upper or
lower urinary tract. Signs and symptoms could include, but are not limited to: dysuria,
urinary urgency and frequency, sensation of bladder fullness, lower abdominal
discomfort, suprapubic tenderness, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, bloody
urine, fevers, chills, and malaise. UTIs are the most common infections seen in medical
practice in women of reproductive age and adults in general. Most UTI are caused by
enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia Coli, which is a gram-negative bacterium
present in 80% of these infections. The presence of fimbriae in some strains determines
its ability to colonize the urethra and migrate to the bladder. The antibiotic resistant
genes of this bacterium have resulted in the need to search for alternatives to antibiotic
therapy, which has become less effective due to misuse and abuse, and it is now a
major worldwide problem. Several nutrients have been associated with better urinary
health, mainly vitamin C, probiotics and flavonoids. Some studies have shown that
frequent consumption of yogurt with probiotics and fruit juices rich in vitamin C
decrease the recurrence of UTI in women. Vitamin C and flavonoids are considered
non-enzymatic antioxidants that slow down the production of free radicals and
oxidation, thus strengthening the immune system. The flavonoids in cranberries have a
deleterious effect on E. Coli fimbriae, causing the bacteria to lose its grip. Diet and
nutritional status, especially regarding the consumption of certain antioxidants, have a
particularly strong relationship with urinary function and health. These findings may
lead to defining programs for nutritional and dietary monitoring which could improve
health and nutritional prognosis for women and their newborns, as well as prevent
obstetric complications from Urinary Tract Infection. The primary objective of this review is to analyze the most conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of these
options and to integrate other alternatives in future treatment that can fight against
antimicrobial resistance and impact on morbidity, mortality and health cost.
Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Bacteria, Cramberry Juice, Eschecrichia Coli,
Environment, Functional Foods, Flavonoids, Immunonutrition, Nutritional Status,
Prevention, Urinary Tract Infection.Antibiotic Resistance, Bacteria, Cramberry Juice, Eschecrichia Coli,
Environment, Functional Foods, Flavonoids, Immunonutrition, Nutritional Status,
Prevention, Urinary Tract Infection.
