This chapter includes general aspects regarding the mechanisms of
radiation-induced lesions and specific organ-related effects of radiotherapy, from the
cardiovascular system to bone marrow. For oncologists, understanding the mechanisms
of radiation-induced carcinogenesis and knowing the estimated time taken for postradiotherapy
occurrence of metachronous tumors is mandatory for proper patient
follow-up. We here analyze all lesions of the skin and internal organs, leaving aside
tumors for this chapter. The acute and chronic effects of radiotherapy are presented in
detail, and the grading system of oral mucositis is also outlined.
Keywords: Actinic enterocolitis, Bone marrow, Bronchiolitis obliterans,
Dermatitis, Endarteritis obliterans, EPPER-syndrome, Iatrogenic, Malignancy,
Mucositis, Pneumonitis, Radiation enteropathy, Radiodermatitis, Radiotherapy,
Reticuloid syndrome, Sweet’s syndrome, Vasculitis.
