摘要
背景:通过燃烧过程和风吹尘埃等直接排放到空气中的颗粒物质,或通过排放气体转化在大气中形成的颗粒物质是空气污染的主要原因,其引发包括肺癌在内的各种人类病症。肺癌的死亡率通常很高,因为该疾病在其早期可治疗阶段没有症状。此外,可用的筛选方法成本高,主要依赖于缺乏足够灵敏度和特异性的成像技术。尽管在鉴定生物标志物方面取得了进展,但基于突变的方法仍然面临着巨大的挑战,因为疾病是从环境与宿主之间复杂的相互作用演变而来的。因此,表观基因组特征的鉴定可能对早期诊断有用,具有减少环境相关疾病负担的潜力。 目的:该综述讨论了表观基因组特征在鉴定和管理环境相关肺癌中的应用。 结论:基于非侵入性“液体活检”的表观基因组筛选最近已成为一种有可能在初始阶段表征肿瘤异质性的方法。已知反映重要细胞变化的表观遗传特征(甲基化DNA,miRNA和转录后修饰的组蛋白)在肺癌患者中以较高水平循环。据报道,这些循环生物实体与肺癌患者的临床结果密切相关,因此强烈地作为在早期识别疾病和监测治疗反应的可能候选者,从而有益于患者并改善他们的生活。然而,为了有效实施该策略,作为筛查人群的“护理点”测试将需要详尽的临床验证。
关键词: 循环DNA,核小体,DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰,miRNA,表观遗传生物标志物。
Current Drug Targets
Title:Epigenetic Biomarkers for Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter Associated Lung Cancer
Volume: 19 Issue: 10
关键词: 循环DNA,核小体,DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰,miRNA,表观遗传生物标志物。
摘要: Background: Particulate matter directly emitted into the air by sources such as combustion processes and windblown dust, or formed in the atmosphere by transformation of emitted gases are the major contributors to air pollution that triggers a diverse array of human pathologies including lung cancer. The mortality in lung cancer is usually high as the disease is not symptomatic at its early treatable stage. Moreover, available methods for screening are costly and mainly rely on imaging techniques which lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Despite progress in the identification of biomarkers, gene mutation based approaches still face formidable challenges as the disease evolves from a complex interplay between environment and host. Therefore, identification of an epigenomic signature might be useful for early diagnosis with the potential to reduce the environmental-associated disease burden.
Objective: The review discusses the utility of epigenomic signature in identification and management of the environmental-associated lung cancers.
Conclusion: Non-invasive 'liquid biopsy' based epigenomic screening has recently emerged as a methodology which has potential to characterize tumor heterogeneity at initial stages. Epigenetic signatures (methylated DNA, miRNA, and post transcriptionally modified histones) known to reflect the vital cellular changes, circulate at higher levels in the individuals with lung cancer. These circulating biological entities are reported to be closely associated with the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients and thus strongly stand as the probable candidate to identify disease at an early stage and monitor treatment response, thereby, benefiting patients and improving their lives. However, for effective implementation of the strategy as “point-of-care” test for screening population-at-risk will require exhaustive clinical validation.
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Epigenetic Biomarkers for Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter Associated Lung Cancer, Current Drug Targets 2018; 19 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170911114342
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170911114342 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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