Abstract
Background: Smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers represent a rapidly growing class of drug-delivery systems for cancer and other diseases.
Objective: The alterations of redox potential between the intracellular environment and the extracellular space have been widely utilized as a trigger for delivery of therapeutic agents by smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers. We set out to review the scientific literature.
Method: Published papers between 1980 and the present day were surveyed.
Results: The advantages of redox-activated smart delivery of drugs, genes, and imaging agents include: the amplitude of the redox-responsive signal; the simple chemical features needed to trigger the activation process; and the relative simplicity of preparing these nanocarriers with an integrated redox-sensitive triggering element. Redox-sensitive nanovehicles are often sensitive to glutathione (GSH) as a regulator of cellular redox potential, which is a very important redox couple in mammalian cells. Other nanostructures can be designed to respond to oxidation, which may be useful for drug-delivery to sites with oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Redox-responsive nanocarriers are a prominent member of the class of smart nanocarriers, and are expected to grow importance in coming years.
Keywords: Redox-Sensitive, glutathione, drug delivery, micelle, nanogel, polymersome, nanocapsule.
Current Organic Chemistry
Title:Redox-Sensitive Smart Nanosystems for Drug and Gene Delivery
Volume: 20 Issue: 28
Author(s): Mahdi Karimi, Seyed M. Moosavi Basri, Manouchehr Vossoughi, Parvin S. Pakchin, Hamed Mirshekari and Michael R. Hamblin
Affiliation:
Keywords: Redox-Sensitive, glutathione, drug delivery, micelle, nanogel, polymersome, nanocapsule.
Abstract: Background: Smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers represent a rapidly growing class of drug-delivery systems for cancer and other diseases.
Objective: The alterations of redox potential between the intracellular environment and the extracellular space have been widely utilized as a trigger for delivery of therapeutic agents by smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers. We set out to review the scientific literature.
Method: Published papers between 1980 and the present day were surveyed.
Results: The advantages of redox-activated smart delivery of drugs, genes, and imaging agents include: the amplitude of the redox-responsive signal; the simple chemical features needed to trigger the activation process; and the relative simplicity of preparing these nanocarriers with an integrated redox-sensitive triggering element. Redox-sensitive nanovehicles are often sensitive to glutathione (GSH) as a regulator of cellular redox potential, which is a very important redox couple in mammalian cells. Other nanostructures can be designed to respond to oxidation, which may be useful for drug-delivery to sites with oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Redox-responsive nanocarriers are a prominent member of the class of smart nanocarriers, and are expected to grow importance in coming years.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Karimi Mahdi, Basri M. Moosavi Seyed, Vossoughi Manouchehr, Pakchin S. Parvin, Mirshekari Hamed and Hamblin R. Michael, Redox-Sensitive Smart Nanosystems for Drug and Gene Delivery, Current Organic Chemistry 2016; 20 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272820666160510154557
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272820666160510154557 |
Print ISSN 1385-2728 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5348 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
Chemistry and Biology of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the most abundant natural products and are considered to be extremely important biomolecules for their ever-increasing impact on chemistry and biology. Their role in several important biological processes, notably energy storage, transport, modulation of protein function, intercellular adhesion, malignant transformation, signal transduction, viral, and bacterial cell ...read more
Electrochemical C-X bond formation
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon–X bond formation are typically conducted at harsh reaction conditions, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of ...read more
From Lab Bench to Algorithm: The Future of Organic Chemistry Powered by AI
Organic chemistry, with its intricate dance of molecules and reactions, is undergoing a transformation fuelled by the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). The integration of AI/ML with Organic Chemistry is revolutionizing the field by enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of chemical research and development. These technologies ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vitamin D Analogs in Cutaneous Malignancies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxidations, Epoxidation and S-Oxidation of Prodrugs that Yield Active Drug Metabolites
Current Medicinal Chemistry Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells: New Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Mesenchymal Stem Cell as a Potential Therapeutic for Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Myth or Reality?
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Current WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System: Histopathology and Additional Diagnostic Methods
Current Medical Imaging Angiogenesis Inhibition in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry PROTAC: A Novel Drug Delivery Technology for Targeting Proteins in Cancer Cells
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Peptide-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Treatment of the Polyglutamine Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hepatitis C Viruss Immune Evasion Strategies
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Development of a Mimotope-Based Vaccine Against CD20 Antigen
Protein & Peptide Letters Ceramide: Therapeutic Potential in Combination Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Metabolism Optimization on Fc for Improvement of Stability and Aggregation Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cytokine/Antibody Complexes: An Emerging Class of Immunostimulants
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chemical and Pharmacological Significance of Natural Guanidines from Marine Invertebrates
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Dequalinium-Derived Nanoconstructs: A Promising Vehicle for Mitochondrial Targeting
Current Drug Delivery Gene Delivery System: A Developing Arena of Study for the New Era of Medicine
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Pharmacogenomics of Human Multidrug Resistance Associated Proteins
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Meet Our Co-Editor
Drug Metabolism Letters PET/CT Based Dose Planning in Radiotherapy
Current Medical Imaging Role of IL-10 in the Resolution of Airway Inflammation
Current Molecular Medicine