![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
RNAi is a powerful cellular mechanism that involves targeted destruction of mRNAs. Although the phenomenon was first discovered in plants and lower eukaryotic organisms, it was later discovered as an important genetic regulatory mechanism in mammalian cells. RNAi is triggered by double stranded RNAs that are cleaved into short 21-23 base pair duplexes by an RNAse III type enzyme called Dicer. The short RNAs, termed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), act as triggers for targeted RNA degradation. One of the two strands is selectively incorporated into a complex of proteins called the RNA induced silencing complex, or RISC. The incoroporated small RNA guides the complex to the complementary target sequence, and this event is followed by endonucleolytic cleavage of the target and recycling of RISC. In mammalian cells, siRNAs do not activate interferon pathway genes, thereby making these powerful tools for sequence specific knockdown of RNAs. In this article we review the methods for programming mammalian cells with siRNAs, and overview a number of applications ranging from targeting oncogenes to inhibiting viral replication. The article also summarizes some important biological conclusions that can be drawn from selective downregulation of certain mRNA targets and addresses potential uses of RNAi as a new thereapeutic modality.
Keywords: rnai, rnase III type enzyme, small interfering rnas, rna induced silencing complex
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title: Recent Applications of RNAi in Mammalian Systems
Volume: 5 Issue: 4
Author(s): Lisa Scherer and John J. Rossi
Affiliation:
Keywords: rnai, rnase III type enzyme, small interfering rnas, rna induced silencing complex
Abstract: RNAi is a powerful cellular mechanism that involves targeted destruction of mRNAs. Although the phenomenon was first discovered in plants and lower eukaryotic organisms, it was later discovered as an important genetic regulatory mechanism in mammalian cells. RNAi is triggered by double stranded RNAs that are cleaved into short 21-23 base pair duplexes by an RNAse III type enzyme called Dicer. The short RNAs, termed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), act as triggers for targeted RNA degradation. One of the two strands is selectively incorporated into a complex of proteins called the RNA induced silencing complex, or RISC. The incoroporated small RNA guides the complex to the complementary target sequence, and this event is followed by endonucleolytic cleavage of the target and recycling of RISC. In mammalian cells, siRNAs do not activate interferon pathway genes, thereby making these powerful tools for sequence specific knockdown of RNAs. In this article we review the methods for programming mammalian cells with siRNAs, and overview a number of applications ranging from targeting oncogenes to inhibiting viral replication. The article also summarizes some important biological conclusions that can be drawn from selective downregulation of certain mRNA targets and addresses potential uses of RNAi as a new thereapeutic modality.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Scherer Lisa and Rossi J. John, Recent Applications of RNAi in Mammalian Systems, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2004; 5 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201043376724
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201043376724 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
Latest Advancements in Biotherapeutics
The scope of this thematic issue is to comprehensively explore the rapidly evolving landscape of biotherapeutics, emphasizing breakthroughs in precision medicine. Encompassing diverse therapeutic modalities, the issue will delve into the latest developments in monoclonal antibodies, CRISPR/Cas gene editing, CAR-T cell therapies, and innovative drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Effects of Anticancer Drugs in Reproductive Parameters of Juvenile Male Animals and Role of Protective Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Fertility Preservation in Women After the Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Cellular Plasticity in Cancer Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry MICA Gene and Relevance to Immune Responses in Organ Transplants and Inflammatory, Tumoral and Autoimmune Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Candidiasis and HIV-Protease Inhibitors: The Expected and the Unexpected
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Subject Index to Volume 3
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Porphyrins as Radiosensitizing Agents for Solid Neoplasms
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Potential Use of RNA-based Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Feature-Free 30-Disease Pathological Brain Detection System by Linear Regression Classifier
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Are KRAS/BRAF Mutations Potent Prognostic and/or Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancers?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Use of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Agonists as a Treatment for Animal Models of Disease: Efficacy and Mechanism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nitroimidazole Radiopharmaceuticals in Bioimaging: Part I: Synthesis and Imaging Applications
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Novel Targets for Apoptosis Modulation: BAG3 Protein and Other Co- Chaperones
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Prothymosin α and its C-Terminal Immunoreactive Decapeptide Show No Evidence of Acute Toxicity: A Preliminary <i>In Silico</i>, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Investigation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anticancer Activity and Modes of Action of (arene) ruthenium(II) Complexes Coordinated to C-, N-, and O-ligands
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cytochromes P450 and Skin Cancer: Role of Local Endocrine Pathways
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives of Protein Kinase C (PKC) Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Cancer and Apoptosis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Radioprotective Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Wide-Ranging Genomic Effects of Plasticisers and Related Compounds
Current Drug Metabolism