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摘要
胃饥饿素是促进食欲的激素,主要由胃粘膜刺激食欲的内分泌拟X / A细胞合成和食物摄入量随着生长激素和胰岛素的调节分泌;葡萄糖和脂质代谢;胃肠运动;血压,心率和神经形成。此外,外围(过血脑屏障)以及中央合成的胃饥饿素(下丘脑)调节中枢神经系统不同的功能,包括应力相关的行为功能。接触应力改变胃饥饿素水平以及胃饥饿素水平变化显著影响神经内分泌代谢参数,相关生理,行为与情绪。研究表明,抗焦虑药和胃饥饿素抗焦虑的作用表明其在调节焦虑相关行为的双重作用。然而,它提出了在应力条件下的胃饥饿素水平增加是一种内源性应激的应对行为并且胃饥饿素水平增加可能需要避免过度焦虑。在临床前和临床研究中,在抑郁中的胃饥饿素水平提高与抗抑郁的相关性活动有关。胃饥饿素诱导的调制应力和相关条件已与改变下丘脑—垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴相连;自主神经系统(主要是交感神经系统和5-羟色胺神经传递)。促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)和胃饥饿素之间互惠关系已经被报道,因为胃饥饿素增加促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素,促肾上腺皮质激素和糖皮质激素的释放;而促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素降低胃饥饿素的表达。同样,胃饥饿素增加5-羟色胺的流通量,反过来,5-羟色胺调控胃饥饿素的信号调节焦虑相关行为。本文综述了胃饥饿素在应力中的双重作用以及伴随着相关行为障碍可能的机制。
关键词: 胃饥饿素,5-羟色胺,应力,焦虑,抑郁,糖皮质激素
Current Drug Targets
Title:An Integrative Review on Role and Mechanisms of Ghrelin in Stress, Anxiety and Depression
Volume: 17 Issue: 5
Author(s): Anjana Bali and Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
Affiliation:
关键词: 胃饥饿素,5-羟色胺,应力,焦虑,抑郁,糖皮质激素
摘要: Ghrelin is orexigenic hormone primarily synthesized by endocrine X/A-like cells of gastric oxyntic mucosa to stimulate appetite and food intake along with regulation of growth hormone and insulin secretion; glucose and lipid metabolism; gastrointestinal motility; blood pressure, heart rate and neurogenesis. Furthermore, peripherally (after crossing the blood brain barrier) as well as centrally synthesized ghrelin (in the hypothalamus) regulates diverse functions of central nervous system including stress-associated behavioral functions. Exposure to stress alters the ghrelin levels and alteration in ghrelin levels significantly affects neuro-endocrinological parameters; metabolism-related physiology, behavior and mood. Studies have shown both anxiolytic and anxiogenic role of ghrelin suggesting its dual role in modulating anxiety-related behavior. However, it is proposed that increase in ghrelin levels during stress condition is an endogenous stress coping behavior and increased ghrelin levels may be required to prevent excessive anxiety. In preclinical and clinical studies, an elevation in ghrelin levels during depression has been correlated with their antidepressant activities. Ghrelin-induced modulation of stress and associated conditions has been linked to alteration in hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; autonomic nervous system (mainly sympathetic nervous system and serotonergic neurotransmission. A reciprocal relationship has been reported between corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and ghrelin as ghrelin increases the release of CRH, ACTH and corticosteroids; while CRH decreases the expression of ghrelin. Similarly, ghrelin increases the serotonin turnover and in turn, serotonin controls ghrelin signaling to modulate anxietyrelated behavior. The present review discusses the dual role of ghrelin in stress and related behavioral disorders along with possible mechanisms.
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Cite this article as:
Anjana Bali and Amteshwar Singh Jaggi , An Integrative Review on Role and Mechanisms of Ghrelin in Stress, Anxiety and Depression, Current Drug Targets 2016; 17 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150518095650
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150518095650 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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