Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The expression of COX-2 and prostaglandins has not only been associated with various types of cancer but is also directly proportional to their aggressiveness including metastasis. Thus, inhibition of COX-2 activity has been one of the preferred targets for cancer reduction. Broad spectrum inhibition of all forms of COX (using NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects ranging from gastric ulceration to renal problems. Even specific COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) are associated with side effects like myocardial infarction. Alternative strategies including siRNA technology are also not very victorious due to their off-target associated problems. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies where COX-2 activity may be reduced without inducing any side effects. One of the approaches for designing novel inhibitors may be to target various molecules downstream of COX-2. In this review, we have tried to cover the basic biology of COX-2 and its association with different types of cancer. Various generations of COX-2 inhibitors have been covered with their merits and demerits. Possible exploitation of novel targets like EP receptors, mPGES and various other downstream molecules which can be utilized for a better COX-2 signaling inhibition and thus efficient cancer reduction with minimal side effects has been discussed.
Keywords: Cancer, COXIBs, cyclooxygenase-2, NSAIDs, mPGES-1, EP receptors.
Current Drug Targets
Title:COX-2 Signaling and Cancer: New Players in Old Arena
Volume: 15 Issue: 3
Author(s): Shashank Misra and Kulbhushan Sharma
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, COXIBs, cyclooxygenase-2, NSAIDs, mPGES-1, EP receptors.
Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The expression of COX-2 and prostaglandins has not only been associated with various types of cancer but is also directly proportional to their aggressiveness including metastasis. Thus, inhibition of COX-2 activity has been one of the preferred targets for cancer reduction. Broad spectrum inhibition of all forms of COX (using NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects ranging from gastric ulceration to renal problems. Even specific COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) are associated with side effects like myocardial infarction. Alternative strategies including siRNA technology are also not very victorious due to their off-target associated problems. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies where COX-2 activity may be reduced without inducing any side effects. One of the approaches for designing novel inhibitors may be to target various molecules downstream of COX-2. In this review, we have tried to cover the basic biology of COX-2 and its association with different types of cancer. Various generations of COX-2 inhibitors have been covered with their merits and demerits. Possible exploitation of novel targets like EP receptors, mPGES and various other downstream molecules which can be utilized for a better COX-2 signaling inhibition and thus efficient cancer reduction with minimal side effects has been discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Misra Shashank and Sharma Kulbhushan, COX-2 Signaling and Cancer: New Players in Old Arena, Current Drug Targets 2014; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140127102915
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140127102915 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Drug-Targeted Approach with Polymer Nanocomposites for Improved Therapeutics
Polymer nanocomposites have been recognized as an advanced and cutting-edge technique in drug targeting administration. These materials combine the unique features of nanoparticles with the adaptability of polymers to produce highly personalized drug administration devices. Integrating nanoparticles containing pharmaceuticals into a polymer matrix enables researchers to regulate the rates at ...read more
RNA Molecules in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Messenger and non-coding RNAs, including long and small transcripts, are mediators of gene expression. Gene expression at the RNA level shows significant aberrations in human diseases, including cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Human transcripts serve either as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response and/or therapy ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
New Perspectives on Acetaminophen
Current Cardiology Reviews Metabolomics as a Functional Tool in Screening Gastro Intestinal Diseases: Where are we in High Throughput Screening?
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening The Anti-Inflammatory and Pharmacological Actions of Oleocanthal, a Phenolic Contained in Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Medicine: Can Genomics Facilitate Early Diagnosis or Improve Therapeutic Outcomes?
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Perioperative Management of Obese Parturients
Current Women`s Health Reviews Cancer Proteomics for Cellular Dysfunction: Insights and Trends
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advances in Anticancer Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Immunotoxins
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery The Impact of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADAMA), the Endogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthase Inhibitor, to the Pathogenesis of Gastric Mucosal Damage
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulators as Activatable Targets in Cancer Theranostics
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: Novel Physiological and Pharmacological Avenues in the Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Integrity, Protection and Ulcer Healing (Guest Editors: Thomas Brzozowski)]
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Activity of Several Medicinal Herbs such as Anti-inflammatories, Anti- Pyretic, Analgesics and Antioxidants
Current Indian Science Genistein Inhibits Cell Growth and Invasion Through Regulation of miR-27a in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Insight into Novel Delivery Approaches of Resveratrol for Improving Therapeutic Efficacy and Bioavailability with its Clinical Updates
Current Pharmaceutical Design Rapid Characterization of a Novel Taspine Derivative-HMQ1611 Binding to EGFR by a Cell Membrane Chromatography Method
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Current Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Current Medicinal Chemistry Non-Viral Delivery of RNA Interference Targeting Cancer Cells in Cancer Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Impact of COX-2 Inhibitors in Common Clinical Practice a Gastroenterologists Perspective
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Sp/KLF Family and Tumor Angiogenesis in Pancreatic Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase Inhibitors in Cancer
Current Drug Targets Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases Mediates Thromboxane A2-Induced Invasion in Lung Cancer Cells
Current Cancer Drug Targets