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Abstract
Haloperidol (HP) is used for the symptomatic treatment of psychosis, manic phases, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and acute delirium. Long-term use leads to various adverse side effects, especially to severe impairment of extrapyramidal nerve tracts and in particular, altered QT interval and increased incidence of arrhytmias. It is believed that cytotoxicity of HP and its metabolites is responsible for both neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Extrapyramidal and cardiac adverse side effects may be explained by the HP-induced oxidative stress, as implicated by many studies. HP was reported to induce lipid peroxidation with subsequent membrane changes, responsible for cell death. Vice versa, cells resistant to oxidative stress are also resistant to the toxic effects of HP. Similarly, high percentage of patients suffering from extrapyramidal symptoms treated by vitamin E and other lipid-soluble antioxidants demonstrates diminishing of these adverse side effects. HP’s ability to induce oxidative stress by multi-modal action (increased metabolism of dopamine, decrease of glutathione content, induction of NF-κB transcription factor, and inhibition of complex I of respiratory chain) has been established just recently. This review brings summarizing view on the cytotoxicity of haloperidol and involvement of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress HP-induced cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Arrhytmia, cardiotoxicity, dopamine, haloperidol, oxidative stress, Torsade de Pointes.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Haloperidol Cytotoxicity and Its Relation to Oxidative Stress
Volume: 13 Issue: 14
Author(s): Martina Raudenska, Jaromir Gumulec, Petr Babula, Tibor Stracina, Marketa Sztalmachova, Hana Polanska, Vojtech Adam, Rene Kizek, Marie Novakova and Michal Masarik
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Keywords: Arrhytmia, cardiotoxicity, dopamine, haloperidol, oxidative stress, Torsade de Pointes.
Abstract: Haloperidol (HP) is used for the symptomatic treatment of psychosis, manic phases, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and acute delirium. Long-term use leads to various adverse side effects, especially to severe impairment of extrapyramidal nerve tracts and in particular, altered QT interval and increased incidence of arrhytmias. It is believed that cytotoxicity of HP and its metabolites is responsible for both neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Extrapyramidal and cardiac adverse side effects may be explained by the HP-induced oxidative stress, as implicated by many studies. HP was reported to induce lipid peroxidation with subsequent membrane changes, responsible for cell death. Vice versa, cells resistant to oxidative stress are also resistant to the toxic effects of HP. Similarly, high percentage of patients suffering from extrapyramidal symptoms treated by vitamin E and other lipid-soluble antioxidants demonstrates diminishing of these adverse side effects. HP’s ability to induce oxidative stress by multi-modal action (increased metabolism of dopamine, decrease of glutathione content, induction of NF-κB transcription factor, and inhibition of complex I of respiratory chain) has been established just recently. This review brings summarizing view on the cytotoxicity of haloperidol and involvement of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress HP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Raudenska Martina, Gumulec Jaromir, Babula Petr, Stracina Tibor, Sztalmachova Marketa, Polanska Hana, Adam Vojtech, Kizek Rene, Novakova Marie and Masarik Michal, Haloperidol Cytotoxicity and Its Relation to Oxidative Stress, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13895575113136660100
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13895575113136660100 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
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