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Abstract
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) is one of the key enzymes responsible for dephosphorylation in vertebrates. PP-2A-mediated dephosphorylation participates in many different biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, apoptosis, autophage and senescence. However, whether PP-2A directly controls animal development remains to be explored. Here, we present direct evidence to show that PP-2A displays important functions in regulating eye development of vertebrates. Using goldfish as a model system, we have demonstrated the following novel information. First, inhibition of PP-2A activity leads to significant death of the treated embryos, which is derived from blastomere apoptosis associated with enhanced phosphorylation of Bcl-XL at Ser-62, and the survived embryos displayed severe phenotype in the eye. Second, knockdown of PP-2A with morpholino oligomers leads to significant death of the injected embryos. The survived embryos from PP-2A knockdown displayed clear retardation in lens differentiation. Finally, overexpression of each catalytic subunit of PP-2A also causes death of majority of the injected embryos and leads to absence of goldfish eye lens or severely disturbed differentiation. Together, our results provide direct evidence that protein phosphatase-2A is important for normal eye development in goldfish.
Keywords: Apoptosis, differentiation, eye development, lens, PP-2A, PP-2Acα/β, protein phosphatases, retina.
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphotase-2A is Differentially Expressed and Regulates Eye Development in Vertebrates
Volume: 13 Issue: 8
Author(s): J. Liu, D. W.-C. Li, S.-J. Liu, Y. Liu, L. Wang, T.-T. Li, M. Yi, L. Li, Z.-X. Huang, W.-F. Hu, W.-B. Liu, C. Zhang, M. Tao, W. Duan, S.-S. Hui, L. Nie, M.-X. Deng, X.-W. Zhang and X.-H. Hu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, differentiation, eye development, lens, PP-2A, PP-2Acα/β, protein phosphatases, retina.
Abstract: Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) is one of the key enzymes responsible for dephosphorylation in vertebrates. PP-2A-mediated dephosphorylation participates in many different biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, apoptosis, autophage and senescence. However, whether PP-2A directly controls animal development remains to be explored. Here, we present direct evidence to show that PP-2A displays important functions in regulating eye development of vertebrates. Using goldfish as a model system, we have demonstrated the following novel information. First, inhibition of PP-2A activity leads to significant death of the treated embryos, which is derived from blastomere apoptosis associated with enhanced phosphorylation of Bcl-XL at Ser-62, and the survived embryos displayed severe phenotype in the eye. Second, knockdown of PP-2A with morpholino oligomers leads to significant death of the injected embryos. The survived embryos from PP-2A knockdown displayed clear retardation in lens differentiation. Finally, overexpression of each catalytic subunit of PP-2A also causes death of majority of the injected embryos and leads to absence of goldfish eye lens or severely disturbed differentiation. Together, our results provide direct evidence that protein phosphatase-2A is important for normal eye development in goldfish.
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Cite this article as:
Liu J., Li W.-C. D., Liu S.-J., Liu Y., Wang L., Li T.-T., Yi M., Li L., Huang Z.-X., Hu W.-F., Liu W.-B., Zhang C., Tao M., Duan W., Hui S.-S., Nie L., Deng M.-X., Zhang X.-W. and Hu X.-H., Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphotase-2A is Differentially Expressed and Regulates Eye Development in Vertebrates, Current Molecular Medicine 2013; 13 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113139990061
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113139990061 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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