Abstract
Anionic antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs) are important components of the innate immune system and here, we review recent research into these peptides. As examples, we refer to two major families of AAMPs: those that adopt cysteine stabilized β-sheet structure, such as plant cyclotides, and those that are encrypted in larger proteins, such as bovine kappacins. This review shows that AAMPs use a diverse range of antimicrobial mechanisms, which in some cases, such as ovine SAAPs, involves translocation across the membrane to utilize intracellular sites of antimicrobial action. In other cases, the membrane itself is the major site of action for AAMPs as in the case of cyclotides, which permeabilize membranes via pore formation, and human β-defensins, which induce the disintegration of membranes via carpet-type mechanisms prior to action against intracellular targets. These AAMPs show the potential for development as antiviral agents, insecticides, topical biocides, fertility control agents, therapeutically useful antibiotics, decontaminants food preservatives and agents against dental and periodontal diseases.
Keywords: Anionic antimicrobial peptides, cyclotides, β-defensins, encrypted antimicrobials, surfactant-associated antimicrobial peptides, food proteins, kappacins, Streptomyces roseosporous, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Daptomycin, Human blue-sensitive opsin, Cationic antimicrobial peptides, lactoglobulin, Lactalbumin
Current Chemical Biology
Title: Anionic Antimicrobial Peptides from Eukaryotic Organisms and their Mechanisms of Action
Volume: 5 Issue: 2
Author(s): Frederick Harris, Sarah R. Dennison and David A. Phoenix
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anionic antimicrobial peptides, cyclotides, β-defensins, encrypted antimicrobials, surfactant-associated antimicrobial peptides, food proteins, kappacins, Streptomyces roseosporous, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Daptomycin, Human blue-sensitive opsin, Cationic antimicrobial peptides, lactoglobulin, Lactalbumin
Abstract: Anionic antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs) are important components of the innate immune system and here, we review recent research into these peptides. As examples, we refer to two major families of AAMPs: those that adopt cysteine stabilized β-sheet structure, such as plant cyclotides, and those that are encrypted in larger proteins, such as bovine kappacins. This review shows that AAMPs use a diverse range of antimicrobial mechanisms, which in some cases, such as ovine SAAPs, involves translocation across the membrane to utilize intracellular sites of antimicrobial action. In other cases, the membrane itself is the major site of action for AAMPs as in the case of cyclotides, which permeabilize membranes via pore formation, and human β-defensins, which induce the disintegration of membranes via carpet-type mechanisms prior to action against intracellular targets. These AAMPs show the potential for development as antiviral agents, insecticides, topical biocides, fertility control agents, therapeutically useful antibiotics, decontaminants food preservatives and agents against dental and periodontal diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Harris Frederick, R. Dennison Sarah and A. Phoenix David, Anionic Antimicrobial Peptides from Eukaryotic Organisms and their Mechanisms of Action, Current Chemical Biology 2011; 5 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796811105020142
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796811105020142 |
Print ISSN 2212-7968 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1872-3136 |
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