Abstract
Liver injury in the HIV-positive population has been classically associated with hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV and HCV). While HBV or HCV co-infections have represented “Pillars of Hercules” for hepatic disease (not further beyond), it is now time to move forward and shed light on liver disease in HIV-infected patients without HBV or HCV co-infections. Indeed, over the last years, liver disease in HIV-mono-infected patients has emerged and fated to become one of the main non AIDS-related complications. Although several cases have specific etiologies (e.g., alcohol abuse), other cases are most challenging for the clinicians because the actual causes are only hypothesized, such as it is difficult to treat them appropriately. This new clinical entity has been named “cryptogenic” liver disease; it is polymorphic (e.g., hepatic steatosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia or noncirrhotic portal hypertension) and multifactorial in nature, but HIV per se may play a key role. In this paper, we present a critical review of the relevant literature data, focusing on practical implications (including diagnostic tools and differential diagnosis), and delineate priorities for future research on this important topic.
Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, HIV, liver disease, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, noncirrhotic portal hypertension, non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Current HIV Research
Title: Cryptogenic Liver Diseases: Sailing by Sight from HIV Co-Infection with Hepatitis Viruses to HIV Mono-Infection Through the Pillars of Hercules
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
Author(s): Daria Gotti, Emanuele Foca, Laura Albini, Monia Mendeni, Andrea Vavassori, Eugenia Quiros Roldan and Carlo Torti
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, HIV, liver disease, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, noncirrhotic portal hypertension, non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Abstract: Liver injury in the HIV-positive population has been classically associated with hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV and HCV). While HBV or HCV co-infections have represented “Pillars of Hercules” for hepatic disease (not further beyond), it is now time to move forward and shed light on liver disease in HIV-infected patients without HBV or HCV co-infections. Indeed, over the last years, liver disease in HIV-mono-infected patients has emerged and fated to become one of the main non AIDS-related complications. Although several cases have specific etiologies (e.g., alcohol abuse), other cases are most challenging for the clinicians because the actual causes are only hypothesized, such as it is difficult to treat them appropriately. This new clinical entity has been named “cryptogenic” liver disease; it is polymorphic (e.g., hepatic steatosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia or noncirrhotic portal hypertension) and multifactorial in nature, but HIV per se may play a key role. In this paper, we present a critical review of the relevant literature data, focusing on practical implications (including diagnostic tools and differential diagnosis), and delineate priorities for future research on this important topic.
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Cite this article as:
Gotti Daria, Foca Emanuele, Albini Laura, Mendeni Monia, Vavassori Andrea, Quiros Roldan Eugenia and Torti Carlo, Cryptogenic Liver Diseases: Sailing by Sight from HIV Co-Infection with Hepatitis Viruses to HIV Mono-Infection Through the Pillars of Hercules, Current HIV Research 2011; 9 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211794582597
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211794582597 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
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