Abstract
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with major clinical hallmarks of memory loss, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and appears to be involved in the induction of neuroinflammation. Under stress and injury, astrocytes become astrogliotic leading to an upregulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Cytokines and related molecules play roles in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration in the CNS. During early AD pathogenesis, amyloid beta (Aβ), S100B and IL-1β could bring about a vicious cycle of Aβ generation between astrocytes and neurons leading to chronic, sustained and progressive neuroinflammation. In advanced stages of AD, TRAIL secreted from astrocytes have been shown to bind to death receptor 5 (DR5) on neurons to trigger apoptosis in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Furthermore, astrocytes could be reactivated by TGFβ1 to generate more Aβ and to undergo the aggravating astrogliosis. TGFβ2 was also observed to cooperate with Aβ to cause neuronal demise by destroying the stability of lysosomes in neurons. Inflammatory molecules can be either potential biomarkers for diagnosis or target molecules for therapeutic intervention. Understanding their roles and their relationship with activated astrocytes is particularly important for attenuating neuroinflammation in the early stage of AD. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of astrocytes in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, astrocyte, inflammation, cytokine, chemokine, amyloid beta, death receptor, TRAIL, Amyloid precursor protein, alpha secretase, IP-10, MCP-1, S100B, microglia
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Astrocytes: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease
Volume: 8 Issue: 1
Author(s): Chuanyu Li, Rui Zhao, Kai Gao, Zheng Wei, Michael Yaoyao Yin, Lok Ting Lau, Dehua Chui and Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, astrocyte, inflammation, cytokine, chemokine, amyloid beta, death receptor, TRAIL, Amyloid precursor protein, alpha secretase, IP-10, MCP-1, S100B, microglia
Abstract: Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with major clinical hallmarks of memory loss, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and appears to be involved in the induction of neuroinflammation. Under stress and injury, astrocytes become astrogliotic leading to an upregulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Cytokines and related molecules play roles in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration in the CNS. During early AD pathogenesis, amyloid beta (Aβ), S100B and IL-1β could bring about a vicious cycle of Aβ generation between astrocytes and neurons leading to chronic, sustained and progressive neuroinflammation. In advanced stages of AD, TRAIL secreted from astrocytes have been shown to bind to death receptor 5 (DR5) on neurons to trigger apoptosis in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Furthermore, astrocytes could be reactivated by TGFβ1 to generate more Aβ and to undergo the aggravating astrogliosis. TGFβ2 was also observed to cooperate with Aβ to cause neuronal demise by destroying the stability of lysosomes in neurons. Inflammatory molecules can be either potential biomarkers for diagnosis or target molecules for therapeutic intervention. Understanding their roles and their relationship with activated astrocytes is particularly important for attenuating neuroinflammation in the early stage of AD. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of astrocytes in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Li Chuanyu, Zhao Rui, Gao Kai, Wei Zheng, Yaoyao Yin Michael, Ting Lau Lok, Chui Dehua and Cheung Hoi Yu Albert, Astrocytes: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2011; 8 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720511794604543
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720511794604543 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of research, no cure or disease-modifying treatment is available yet. Therefore, the need for developing effective therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease is an urgent matter. This special issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Experimental Research on Nitric Oxide and the Therapy of Alzheimer Disease: A Challenging Bridge
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Mechanistic Links Between Proteasome Activity, Aging and Agerelated Diseases
Current Genomics Comparative Study of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature and Growth Hormone Deficiency
Current Drug Metabolism Anthocyanins: Plant Pigments, Food Ingredients or Therapeutic Agents for the CNS? A Mini-Review Focused on Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroprotective Role of Agmatine in Neurological Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Advanced Drug Delivery of N-Acetylcarnosine (N-Acetyl-beta-alanyl-Lhistidine), Carcinine (Beta-alanylhistamine) and L-carnosine (Beta-alanyl- L-histidine) in Targeting Peptide Compounds as Pharmacological Chaperones for Use in Tissue Engineering, Human Disease Management and Therapy: From in vitro to the Clinic
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Biochemical Differentiation of Cholinesterases from Normal and Alzheimers Disease Cortex
Current Alzheimer Research Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Improves Cognitive Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Outcomes of Perilla Seed Oil as an Additional Neuroprotective Therapy in Patients with Mild to Moderate Dementia: A Randomized Control Trial
Current Alzheimer Research Haptoglobin Phenotype Correlates with the Extent of Cerebral Deep White Matter Lesions in Hypertensive Patients
Current Neurovascular Research Animal Models for Parkinson's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Role of Anionic Peptide Fragments in 1N4R Human Tau Protein Aggregation
Protein & Peptide Letters Weight Loss in Older Persons: New Therapeutic Approaches
Current Pharmaceutical Design Small Molecule Natural Products and Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Do Geriatric Outpatients Adhere to Medication Changes Advised After Assessment? An Exploratory Pilot Study
Current Clinical Pharmacology Spatio-Temporal Fluctuations of Neural Dynamics in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research The Implications of Autophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Neuroprotective Role of Natural Polyphenols
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Semantic Dementia: A Mini-Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Use of Flavonoids in Central Nervous System Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry