Abstract
HIV-1 infection persists despite long-term administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The mechanism of this persistence appears to result primarily from viral infection of CD4+ T-lymphocytes that have the ability to duplicate and revert into a quiescent state. These infected resting cells are long-lived and evade immune surveillance or clearance. The inability to eradicate this class of cells, bearing the viral DNA, suggests life-long persistence of virus in HIV-1-infected individuals, even if HAART were administered for decades. This review discusses the origins and mechanisms accounting for stability of these latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs. It further provides an overview of recent clinical trials aimed at their eradication. There have been a limited number of immune activation (IAT) trials directed at HAART-persistent, viral reservoir eradication. These trials have not resulted in purging of these highly stable viral reservoirs though results from such efforts suggest partial effects. The properties of novel compounds that might be included into IAT eradication protocols are continuing to be evaluated and their potential for inclusion into future IAT trials will be discussed.
Keywords: HIV-1 latency, HAART, immune activation therapy, CD4+ resting T-cells
Current HIV Research
Title: HAART-Persistent HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs: Their Origin, Mechanisms of Stability and Potential Strategies for Eradication
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Joseph Kulkosky and Stacie Bray
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV-1 latency, HAART, immune activation therapy, CD4+ resting T-cells
Abstract: HIV-1 infection persists despite long-term administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The mechanism of this persistence appears to result primarily from viral infection of CD4+ T-lymphocytes that have the ability to duplicate and revert into a quiescent state. These infected resting cells are long-lived and evade immune surveillance or clearance. The inability to eradicate this class of cells, bearing the viral DNA, suggests life-long persistence of virus in HIV-1-infected individuals, even if HAART were administered for decades. This review discusses the origins and mechanisms accounting for stability of these latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs. It further provides an overview of recent clinical trials aimed at their eradication. There have been a limited number of immune activation (IAT) trials directed at HAART-persistent, viral reservoir eradication. These trials have not resulted in purging of these highly stable viral reservoirs though results from such efforts suggest partial effects. The properties of novel compounds that might be included into IAT eradication protocols are continuing to be evaluated and their potential for inclusion into future IAT trials will be discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kulkosky Joseph and Bray Stacie, HAART-Persistent HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs: Their Origin, Mechanisms of Stability and Potential Strategies for Eradication, Current HIV Research 2006; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206776055084
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206776055084 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
HIV vaccine development
The development of a safe and effective vaccine that impedes HIV-1 transmission and/or limits the severity of infection remains a public health priority. The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable and under-served communities in the USA and globally. In the USA, minority communities that have relatively ...read more
Lymphomas in people living with HIV (PLWH)
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence of lymphoma among people living with HIV (PLWH) surpassed Kaposi's sarcoma in 2011, becoming the most common AIDS-defining malignancy. The annual incidence rate ranges approximately from 100 to 300 per 100,000 individuals with HIV infection as the population denominator, which ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Oligonucleotides and G-quadruplex Stabilizers: Targeting Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Photochemical Reactions: Synthesis of Six-membered N-heterocycles
Current Organic Synthesis Screening of Candidate Pathogenic Genes for Spontaneous Abortion Using Whole Exome Sequencing
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Tumor-Intrinsic and Tumor-Extrinsic Factors Impacting Hsp90- Targeted Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Drug Resistance in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities
Current Drug Metabolism Targeted Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutics: An Update
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Red Seaweed-derived Compounds: A Desired Approach for Treating Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Concomitant Drug Treatment and Elimination in the RCC-affected Kidneys: Can We Kill Two Birds with One Stone?
Current Drug Metabolism Time Recall; Future Concept of Chronomodulating Chemotherapy for Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Role of Imaging in Computer-Assisted Tumor Surgery of the Sacrum and Pelvis
Current Medical Imaging Anti-VEGF Anticancer Drugs: Mind the Hypertension
Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Drug Targeting to the Brain - A Review
Current Nanoscience Inhibitors of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoforms and their Therapeutic Potentials
Current Medicinal Chemistry Development of Anti-Atherosclerosis Therapy Based on the Inflammatory and Proliferative Aspects of the Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fyn Kinase in Brain Diseases and Cancer: The Search for Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Do HIV-Infected Immigrants Initiating HAART have Poorer Treatment-Related Outcomes than Autochthonous Patients in Spain? Results of the GESIDA 5808 Study
Current HIV Research Targeting Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Determination of Dysregulated miRNA Expression Levels by qRT-PCR after the Application of Usnic Acid to Breast Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Interplay Between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Carcinogenesis
Current Molecular Medicine Predictive Factors of Febrile Neutropenia Induced by Anticancer Chemotherapy in the South of Tunisia
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials