Amelioration of Neurochemical Alteration and Memory and Depressive Behavior in Sepsis by Allopurinol, a Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor

Title:Amelioration of Neurochemical Alteration and Memory and Depressive Behavior in Sepsis by Allopurinol, a Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor

Volume: 23 Issue: 12

Author(s): Kiuanne Lino Lobo Metzker, Khiany Mathias, Richard Simon Machado, Sandra Bonfante, Larissa Joaquim, Marina Goulart da Silva, Guilherme Cabreira Daros, Elisa Mitkus Flores Lins, Fernanda Belle, Carolina Giassi Alano, Rafaela Tezza Matiola, Isabela da Silva Lemos, Lucinéia Gainski Danielski, Fernanda Frederico Gava, Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt, Franciane Bobinski, Emilio Luiz Streck, Gislaine Zilli Reus and Fabricia Petronilho*

Affiliation:

• Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil

Keywords: Sepsis, tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase, blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, catalase.

Abstract:

Background: In response to inflammation and other stressors, tryptophan is catalyzed by Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO), which leads to activation of the kynurenine pathway. Sepsis is a serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an infection, and the brain is the inflammation target in this condition.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if the induction of TDO contributes to the permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), mortality, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, besides long-term behavioral alterations in a preclinical model of sepsis.

Methods: Male Wistar rats with two months of age were submitted to the sepsis model using Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP). The rats received allopurinol (Allo, 20 mg/kg, gavage), a TDO inhibitor, or a vehicle once a day for seven days.

Results: Sepsis induction increased BBB permeability, IL-6 level, neutrophil infiltrate, nitric oxide formation, and oxidative stress, resulting in energy impairment in 24h after CLP and Allo administration restored these parameters. Regarding memory, Allo restored short-term memory impairment and decreased depressive behavior. However, no change in survival rate was verified.

Conclusion: In summary, TDO inhibition effectively prevented depressive behavior and memory impairment 10 days after CLP by reducing acute BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial alteration.

Cite this article as:

Metzker Lino Lobo Kiuanne, Mathias Khiany, Machado Simon Richard, Bonfante Sandra, Joaquim Larissa, da Silva Goulart Marina, Daros Cabreira Guilherme, Lins Mitkus Flores Elisa, Belle Fernanda, Alano Giassi Carolina, Matiola Tezza Rafaela, Lemos da Silva Isabela, Danielski Gainski Lucinéia, Gava Frederico Fernanda, de Bitencourt Mariano Rafael, Bobinski Franciane, Streck Luiz Emilio, Reus Zilli Gislaine and Petronilho Fabricia*, Amelioration of Neurochemical Alteration and Memory and Depressive Behavior in Sepsis by Allopurinol, a Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2024; 23 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118715273282363240415045927